6 Reasons To Visit Cyprus

From hosting some of the world’s most historic sites to the vibrant Mediterranean culture, the many charms of Cyprus make it an irresistible destination. Here are 6 reasons why you need to include this warm island on your travel bucket list.

Seaside activities

Source: Google.com

Cyprus is known for its beautiful sandy beaches with clean waters — the European Environment Agency recognises Cyprus’s beaches as the cleanest in Europe. For swimming and other water sports, the island boasts over 40 official blue flag beaches. From each city, you can enjoy a part of the Mediterranean Sea, with the most expansive coastlines being Larnarca, Famagusta, Aiya Napa, Kyrenia, Limassol and Paphos.

Weather

Source: Google.com

Cyprus enjoys mild winters, longer summers and short autumn and spring periods. This typical Mediterranean climate is attractive, especially to Europeans wishing to escape bad weather in their home countries. There are generally at least six hours of bright sunshine every day, even in the middle of winter, giving visitors a truly pleasant climate all year round.

The Food

Source: Google.com

Food in Cyprus is situated at the crossroads of three continents — as a result, its cuisine is a mixture and refinement of a variety of Southern European, Middle Eastern, and Central Asian influences. Locals are known to love vegetables, and this is reflected in the number of vegetable dishes served — whether fried or eaten raw, served cold in cream or with yogurt, or first dried and then cooked, the choice is yours. For a truly local experience, try the much-loved traditional meat or vegetable wraps fillings such as dürüm (Turkish wrap). A holiday in Cyprus wouldn’t be complete without the traditional sweets. Both the Turkish Cypriots and the Greek Cypriots delight in making desserts by dipping a string of walnuts or almonds into fruit juice — mostly grape — with honey, before then being left to dry in the sun. These and other easy-to-make syrupy sweets are often served with coffee or tea.

Laidback Lifestyle

With the world becoming increasingly impatient, stress-filled and anxious, we all need to take a moment to relax and enjoy life. Cyprus offers you once in-a-lifetime carefree and slow-paced days to enjoy long walks by the beach, or to take a ride through the mountains or forests surrounded by flowers and plants.

Great for Nature lovers

Source: Google.com

If you care about Mother Nature, you can enjoy agro-tourism holidays in the heart of Cyprus. Agro-tourism holiday options offer visitors a chance to enjoy the Cypriot culture and rural life like a local. You are free to try your hand at bread making, olive picking or milking the sheep among numerous other activities. If you wish, you can also learn a craft or observe locals as they create artefacts from scratch.

You Can Cover The Island Within A Short Time

Cyprus is relatively a small island — most distances from one city to another can be covered by car, giving visitors the chance to see the island in a short time. How would you like waking up to a traditional Turkish Cypriot breakfast in North Cyprus, devouring lunch at one of the border towns after a visit to theWalls of Nicosia, then later on, enjoying the evening sea-breeze from your beach hammock overlooking the extensive Mediterranean Sea in South Cyprus as you wait for your fresh fish to bake? It’s all possible here. Cyprus, also known as the playground of the gods in mythology, is a land of plenty. Her people are warm, and their friendliness rubs off on visitors. The sun shines almost every day of the year, and the beautiful sandy beaches with clean waters makes it a perfect destination. Moreover, there is a variety of unique and healthy cuisines to pick from.

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5 Amazing Cities to Visit in Poland

Life has not been easy for Poland, an eastern European country that has been invaded and destroyed many times over the centuries. The country suffered mightily in World War II when many of its citizens, including its large Jewish population, were hustled off to Nazi concentration camps. The Polish spirit, however, refused to die and today the country combines medieval architecture with lively cultural activities to meet the needs of modern tourists. Here is a list of places that you ought to visit in Poland this autumn.

Krakow

Krakow might be described as a rags to riches city, since it went from being a seventh century village to the second most important city in Poland, being known for its cultural, artistic, academic and economic activities. During World War II, the Nazis herded Jews into the Krakow Ghetto where they were later sent to concentration camps; the movie Schindler’s List centered around one man’s efforts to save the ghetto residents from extermination. Located on the Vistula River, this former Polish capital is easy to get around, since attractions radiate out from Old Town, considered the best Old Town in the country.

Warsaw

The capital of Poland might aptly be compared to a Phoenix rising from the ashes. Founded around the 12th century, Warsaw was pretty much destroyed during World War II, but has rebuilt itself into a thriving historical and cultural center, complete with a restored Old Town. Once known as the “Paris of the North,” it is also famous as the home of classical composer Fryderyk Chopin. Travelers of all ages will enjoy a visit to the Copernicus Science Center where hands-on activities abound.

Gdansk

Also known as Danzig, Gdansk is the largest city in northern Poland and its main seaport since it lies on the Baltic Sea. Founded around the 10th century, it has a mixed political history; at different times it belonged to Germany and Poland, and was a free state before permanently becoming a part of Poland after World War II. The city rebuilt itself after the war, restoring its Old Town, which is famous for the Royal Road that Polish kings traveled on when visiting this historical city. The city is also home to St. Mary church, the largest brick church in the world.

Wroclaw

Located on the Oder River, Wroclaw is the largest city in western Poland. Over the centuries it has been governed by Prussia, Poland, Germany and Bohemia, but has been part of Poland since 1945. The former capital of Silesia is still less well-known as some of the other places to visit in Poland but can definitely compete when it comes to amazing architecture. Main attractions include the market square and the impressive Old Town Hall, St, Elizabeth’s Church with its observation deck overlooking the city, and the largest zoo in Poland. Sailing on the Oder River is a relaxing way to get a feel for this medieval city.

Poznan

Student travelers wanting to meet their Polish peers might want to visit Poznan, long known as an academic center and home to Poland’s third largest university. The city hosts many international events, including the Malta International Theatre Festival that takes place every summer. Major sites are easily accessible by strolling the Royal-Imperial Route, a walk set up especially for tourists. Athletes may enjoy a visit to the artificial lake of Malta, home to a ski slope, ice rink, and swimming pools.

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5 Cool Places to Explore in Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad, or “Little Russia,” as the locals call it, has gone through more than its fair share of historical turmoil: founded by the Teutonic Knights, it then belonged to the Kingdom of Poland, then to Prussia and the German Empire, only for it to finally become a part of the USSR and then Russia. Discover the many things to do in Kaliningrad, from learning about its maritime history to enjoying beautiful music.

Königsberg Cathedral

The Königsberg Cathedral is the most important Prussian building in Kaliningrad. The church was first built as a Catholic place of worship, which later became Lutheran after the Reformation. It was destroyed during World War II and rebuilt only recently, in the 1990s.

Immanuel Kant’s tomb

Immanuel Kant, one of the most important thinkers in the history of philosophy, was born and spent his entire life in Königsberg, now Kaliningrad. He was buried in the Königsberg Cathedral, and what was initially a small tomb inside the building eventually became a modest mausoleum outside, in the north-east corner of the Cathedral. Kant and Kaliningrad are inseparably connected; the places where he lived and worked are most certainly worth seeing.

Amber Museum

Baltic is famous for its amber: there is something hypnotizing about all the shades of gold it can take on, and about the creatures trapped in it for millions of years. In Kaliningrad’s Amber Museum, not only can you buy inexpensive amber jewelry, you can see the most impressive pieces of amber found in the Baltic out on display. The exhibition also includes some elaborate sculptures and a brief history of amber processing in the Soviet Union.

Dancing Forest

A few kilometers north of the city, there is a narrow strip of land separating the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. It’s the Curonian Spit, a sandy dune leading from Kaliningrad to Lithuania, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by both countries. If you have time, go there on a sunny day, enjoy the view of the massive sand dunes, and dance in the Dancing Forest, where the trees are crooked in the most bizarre ways for reasons yet unknown.

Maritime Museum

Kaliningrad is Russia’s only port in the Baltic that never freezes; it is therefore extensively used for both civil and military purposes. Russian scientific exploration of the seas is displayed in the Museum of the World Ocean. Pop by to discover the fascinating world of underwater creatures, and the no-less fascinating equipment used to observe them.

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What is Cryptocurrency Staking?

Cryptocurrency staking has become an alternative way for crypto investors to make money from the market. Staking of cryptocurrencies is usually possible by digital currencies using the proof of stake (PoS) and the delegated proof of stake (DPoS) consensus mechanisms.

What is Proof of Stake?

Proof of Stake (PoS) concept states that a person can mine or validate block transactions according to how many coins he or she holds. This means that the more Bitcoin or altcoin owned by a miner, the more mining power he or she has.

What is staking in cryptocurrencies?

Cryptocurrency staking is the act of hodling crypto in your wallet for a specific period, then earning interest as a result of that. Users receive rewards by hodling the cryptocurrencies, and the earnings differ depending on the length of time an investor hodl the cryptocurrency in their wallet. The longer the staking duration, the higher return an investor gets.

Staking is used as a way of validating transactions on a blockchain, similar to what mining represents in the proof of work (PoW) protocol. In a PoS blockchain, the higher the coins a user holds in his/her account, the higher the chances that they would take part in a transaction validation process.

The next validator in a PoS system is usually chosen in a random process which is heavily influenced by the number of coins a user is holding at that particular time or in some cases, the length of time the user has been keeping the cryptocurrency.

How does crypto staking work?

Crypto staking works in a similar fashion to traditional fixed deposit investment accounts, the longer your staking time, the higher the reward you would earn at the end of the tenure. Staking coins differ from one cryptocurrency to another, but the underlying principle behind then remains the same. If you want to stake coins on most PoS and DPoS networks, you would be required to operate a node or masternode, or you can join one of them.

The staking mechanism also has a delegation feature that allows users to delegate other people to carry out votes on their behalf. Users can earn coins if they entrust their vote to a trusted party, and is one favorite way that investors make money via the staking system. This feature gives delegate extra validation power, who will, in turn, pay its customers coins for their votes.

Benefits of the staking protocol

Staking cryptocurrencies have several advantages to the users, and they include;

  • Investors with a large holding of a cryptocurrency would be able to validate transactions on the blockchain. This is unlike the PoW system where the job falls solely to miners.
  • Unlike the PoW protocol, the consensus mechanism in this system eliminates the need for high-end computer networks, which usually consumer high energy and cost a lot to maintain. This makes staking an environmentally friendly cryptocurrency consensus method.
  • The value of PoS cryptocurrencies does not depend on ASICs and other mining equipment, with their prices only affected by a change in the market conditions.

The probability of a 51% attack is usually lower in PoS cryptocurrencies compared to their PoW counterparts.

Is Blockchain Secure?

The security of personal data, especially that which is stored online, is a human right. It has failed to evolve and actually been deteriorating in recent years. Blockchain technology has the potential to entirely change this.

All of our data is stored online. We concede some of our most private information to the platforms that we use on a daily basis and we are often unaware which of our personal data is collected. Many users still conceal some of their most valuable data behind the shockingly weak combination of a username and password, with over half of users openly admitting they use the same password for all of their logins.

Is Blockchain Secure?

Yes, blockchain is innately secure. It utilises powerful cryptography to give individuals ownership of an address and the cryptoassets associated with it, through a combination of public and private keys, made up of combinations of random numbers and letter. This solves the issue of stolen identity as addresses are not directly associated with users’ identity, whilst also being far harder to compromise. Private keys are even more secure as they are considerably longer. It is in this way that blockchain offers a greater level of security to the individual user as it removes the need for weak and easily compromised passwords and online identities.

Is a Private Blockchain More Secure than a Public One?

The practise of building a private blockchain to preserve security is a severely misguided one. It is true that a private blockchain allows for the screening of participants, whereas a public blockchain is essentially accessible to everyone. However, it is this exposure that allows a public blockchain to develop immunity to hacks. For example, Bitcoin is the original public blockchain, having withstood years of relentless hacking without ever being compromised, getting more resilient with every hack that it withstands. This epitomises that public blockchains, much like Lisk’s, are considerably superior than private blockchains.

Can a Blockchain get Hacked?

No, a blockchain itself does not get hacked. The security of blockchain technology should not be confused with news about hacks, such as those carried out on cryptocurrency exchanges. Similarly, to normal hacks, the underlying vulnerability allowing for hacks on exchanges stem from centralisation. Despite blockchain technology being decentralized, there are still centralized aspects of it, such as cryptocurrency exchanges. This means that hackers can attack a single point in the hope of gaining access. As such, these hacks have given rise to calls for decentralized exchanges and it is only a matter of time before these become the main platforms allowing people to trade cryptocurrencies.

Such hacks epitomise how important it is for every aspect of blockchain to be as decentralized as possible, as distributed information and assets are definitely more secure.

The security of blockchain has roots in the cryptography that it utilizes however it is the technology’s decentralized nature that provides the foundations for its security. In fact, it is this distribution and decentralization that has got most people excited about the potential of blockchain technology.

One-Cancels-the-Other Order – (OCO) Explained

A one-cancels-the-other order (OCO) is a pair of orders stipulating that if one order executes, then the other order is automatically cancelled. An OCO order combines a stop order with a limit order on an automated trading platform. When either the stop or limit price is reached and the order executed, the other order automatically gets cancelled. Experienced traders use OCO orders to mitigate risk and to enter the market.

Basics of a One-Cancels-the-Other Order – (OCO)

Traders can use OCO orders to trade retracements and breakouts. If a trader wanted to trade a break above resistance or below support, they could place an OCO order that uses a buy stop and sell stop to enter the market.

For example, if a stock is trading in a range between $20 and $22, a trader could place an OCO order with a buy stop just above $22 and a sell stop just below $20. Once the price breaks above resistance or below support, a trade is executed and the corresponding stop order is cancelled. Conversely, if a trader wanted to use a retracement strategy that buys at support and sells at resistance, they could place an OCO order with a buy limit order at $20 and a sell limit order at $22.

If OCO orders are used to enter the market, the trader needs to manually place a stop loss order once the trade gets executed. The Time In Force for OCO orders should be identical, meaning that the timeframe specified for execution of both stop and limit orders should be the same.

How to place OCO order:

Select OCOorder type.

Select Base and Quote coin.

E.g. Market: BTC/LTC

Select the number of coins needs to be sold.

E.g. 10 coins. (quantity could be in the fraction)

Fill the Stop Loss fields.

Fill the Take Profit fields.

5 Places to Visit in 2019 Moscow

As one of the most vibrant European capitals, Moscow is a powerful mix of history and edginess, full of world-famous sites and attractions. Russia’s capital has been in existence for more than 800 years and has enough to keep visitors busy for months. Here’s the ultimate first-timer’s list of things to do in Moscow, from Europe’s oldest fortress and grandiose cathedrals to lively green spaces and futuristic skyscrapers.

Red Square

The heart of Russia’s capital, Red Square is arguably Moscow’s most visited attraction. The cobblestone square is surrounded by beautiful architecture, and is the place where most of the city’s (and country’s) history unfolded. What was once a market square where traders would sell their goods is now a key location in the city, surrounded by unforgettable sites such as the Kremlin, St.Basil’s Cathedral, Lenin’s Mausoleum and other celebrated attractions.

St Basil’s Cathedral

Soak up the archetypal image of Russia’s capital with the glistening rainbow domes of St Basil’s cathedral. The onion-shaped domes were designed to make the building look like the shape of a flame on a bonfire. The cathedral was commissioned in the 1500s by Ivan the Terrible and according to legend, the Tsar thought it so beautiful he ordered that the architect be blinded so that he would never surpass this creation.

Lenin’s Mausoleum

Moscow’s ultimate love-it-or-hate-it landmark, Lenin’s Mausoleum houses a glass sarcophagus with the embalmed body of the legendary Russian revolutionary, Vladimir Lenin. First opened to the public in August 1924, the Mausoleum attracts around 2.5 million visitors every year, who don’t mind standing in line and going through a thorough body search to get into the illustrious building.

Moscow Kremlin

The biggest active fortress in Europe, Moscow’s Kremlin offers a week’s worth of attractions. Once you get behind the 2,235-metre-long kremlin walls, there are five squares to wander around, various buildings to explore, 20 towers to learn the names of, and the world’s largest bell and cannon to see.

Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts

The largest foreign art museum in Moscow comprises three branches housing a collection of incredible works by masters of ancient civilisations, the Italian Renaissance and the Dutch Golden Age. The main building contains masterpieces by Botticelli, Tiepolo, Veronese and Rembrandt, some of which have never been displayed before. The Gallery of European & American Art, located next door, stores an incredible collection of Impressionist and post-Impressionist paintings.

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Hard Fork Vs. Soft Fork

A “fork,” in programming terms, is an open-source code modification. Usually the forked code is similar to the original, but with important modifications, and the two “prongs” comfortably co-exist. Sometimes a fork is used to test a process, but with cryptocurrencies, it is more often used to implement a fundamental change, or to create a new asset with similar (but not equal) characteristics as the original.

Not all forks are intentional. With a widely distributed open-source codebase, a fork can happen accidentally when not all nodes are replicating the same information. Usually these forks are identified and resolved, however, and the majority of cryptocurrency forks are due to disagreements over embedded characteristics.

There are two main types of programming fork: hard and soft.

Hard forks

A hard fork is a change to a protocol that renders older versions invalid. If older versions continue running, they will end up with a different protocol and with different data than the newer version. This can lead to significant confusion and possible error.

With bitcoin, a hard fork would be necessary to change defining parameters such as the block size, the difficulty of the cryptographic puzzle that needs to be solved, limits to additional information that can be added, etc. A change to any of these rules would cause blocks to be accepted by the new protocol but rejected by older versions and could lead to serious problems – possibly even a loss of funds.

For instance, if the block size limit were to be increased from 1MB to 4MB, a 2MB block would be accepted by nodes running the new version, but rejected by nodes running the older version.

Let’s say that this 2MB block is validated by an updated node and added on to the blockchain. What if the next block is validated by a node running an older version of the protocol? It will try to add its block to the blockchain, but it will detect that the latest block is not valid. So, it will ignore that block and attach its new validation to the previous one. Suddenly you have two blockchains, one with both older and newer version blocks, and another with only older version blocks. Which chain grows faster will depend on which nodes get the next blocks validated, and there could end up being additional splits. It is feasible that the two (or more) chains could grow in parallel indefinitely.

This is a hard fork, and it’s potentially messy. It’s also risky, as it’s possible that bitcoins spent in a new block could then be spent again on an old block (since merchants, wallets and users running the previous code would not detect the spending on the new code, which they deem invalid).

The only solution is for one branch to be abandoned in favor of the other, which involves some miners losing out (the transactions themselves would not be lost, they’d just be re-allocated). Or, all nodes would need to switch to the newer version at the same time, which is difficult to achieve in a decentralized, widely spread system.

Soft fork

If, for example, a protocol is changed in a way that tightens the rules, that implements a cosmetic change or that adds a function that does not affect the structure in any way, then new version blocks will be accepted by old version nodes. Not the other way around, though: the newer, “tighter” version would reject old version blocks.

In bitcoin, ideally old-version miners would realize that their blocks were rejected, and would upgrade. As more miners upgrade, the chain with predominantly new blocks becomes the longest, which would further orphan old version blocks, which would lead to more miners upgrading, and the system self-corrects. Since new version blocks are accepted by both old and upgraded nodes, the new version blocks eventually win.

For instance, say the community decided to reduce the block size to 0.5MB from the current limit of 1MB. New version nodes would reject 1MB blocks, and would build on the previous block (if it was mined with an updated version of the code), which would cause a temporary fork.

This is a soft fork, and it’s already happened several times. Initially, Bitcoin didn’t have a block size limit. Introducing the limit of 1MB was done through a soft fork, since the new rule was “stricter” than the old one. The pay-to-script-hash function, which enhances the code without changing the structure, was also successfully added through a soft fork. This type of amendment generally requires only the majority of miners to upgrade, which makes it more feasible and less disruptive.

Soft forks do not carry the double-spend risk that plagues hard forks, since merchants and users running old nodes will read both new and old version blocks.

Difference Between Blockchain and Bitcoin

Part of the confusion around what is blockchain versus what is cryptocurrency is due in part that the terms have come into use. Instead of being introduced by formal definition, the term blockchain developed from “chain of blocks”. Cryptocurrency is a sort-of portmanteau of “cryptographic currency”. But the fundamental difference between these concepts has to do with how distributed ledger technology is used.

When Bitcoin was the only blockchain, there wasn’t much of a distinction between the terms and they were used interchangeably. As the technology matured and a variety of blockchains bloomed, the uses quickly diverged from the pure money aspect. Instead, technologists experimented with ideas like decentralized name registry. Other uses utilized the peer-to-peer aspect to deliver messages in a discrete way. In the end, many of these projects failed to find a good use of the technology. The projects left standing helped demonstrate what was possible with beyond buzzwords.

A blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that forms a “chain of blocks.” Each block includes information and data that are bundled together and verified. These blocks are then validated and strung onto the chain of transactions and information in previous blocks. These blocks of transactions are permanently recorded in the distributed ledger that is the blockchain.

Contrasted with blockchain, cryptocurrency has to do with the use of tokens based on the distributed ledger technology. Cryptocurrency can be seen as a tool or resource on a blockchain network. Anything dealing with buying, selling, investing, trading, microtipping, or other monetary aspects deals with a blockchain native token or subtoken.

It is a token based on the distributed ledger that is a blockchain. Cryptocurrency is a digital currency formed on the basis of cryptography, or by definition, “the art of solving or writing codes.” Although all are considered cryptocurrencies, these tokens can serve different purposes on these networks.

Referring to the token as the technology can be right in the case of Bitcoin, but is very different when dealing with other blockchain projects like Ethereum. In this case, the technology is known as Ethereum, but the native token is Ether, and transactions are paid in gas.

Blockchain is the platform which brings cryptocurrencies into play. The blockchain is the technology that is serves as the distributed ledger that forms the network. This network creates the means for transacting, and enables transferring of value and information.

Cryptocurrencies are the tokens used within these networks to send value and pay for these transactions. Furthermore, you can see them as tool on blockchain, in some cases serving as a resource or utility function. Other times they are used to digitize value of an asset.

Blockchains serve as the basis technology, in which cryptocurrencies are a part of the ecosystem. They go hand in hand, and crypto is often necessary to transact on a blockchain. But without the blockchain, we would not have a means for these transactions to be recorded and transferred.

Proof of Work Explained

As the cryptocurrency space continues to evolve at an accelerated pace, experimentation and implementation of a variety of consensus models is inevitable.

Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus is not necessarily a new consensus mechanism (has been around since March 2017), but has been implemented in some interesting platforms as a compromise between consensus models targeting complete decentralization and more efficient, centralized models.

First, PoA was proposed by a group of developers in March 2017 (the term was coined by Gavin Wood) as a blockchain based on the Ethereum protocol. It was developed primarily as a solution to the problem of spam attacks on Ethereum’s Ropsten test network. The new network was named Kovan and is a primary test network available to all Ethereum users today.

PoA consensus is essentially an optimized Proof of Stake model that leverages identity as the form of stake rather than actually staking tokens. The identity is staked by a group of validators (authorities) that are pre-approved to validate transactions and blocks within the respective network. The group of validators is usually supposed to remain fairly small (~25 or less) in order to ensure efficiency and manageable security of the network.

The main characteristics of a PoA network are a low requirement of computational power, no requirement of communication between nodes to reach consensus, and continuity of the network is independent of the number of the available genuine nodes since they are pre-approved and verifiably trustable through cross verification in the public domain.

PoA is designed to be less computationally intensive than PoW models that require expending electricity to solve algorithms. Further, PoA removes a primary concern within the PoS model that although stakes between two parties may be equal, their value to each party may vary significantly depending upon their holdings. For instance, Alice may have 1,000 XYZ tokens staked and Bob may also have 1,000 XYZ tokens staked, however, Alice has $10 million outside of her stake and Bob only has $10,000 outside of his. Therefore, Bob is much more likely to invested in the success of the XYZ network than Alice since his stake represents a substantially larger portion of his overall finances.

There are 3 basic requirements to become a validator which have important implications on the incentive structure driving their actions towards honest behavior.

  1. Their identities need to be formally identified on-chain with the ability to cross-reference these identities through reliable data available in the public domain (such as a public notary database).
  2. Eligibility to becoming a validator must be difficult to obtain in order to ensure the long-term prospective position of the validator is one of clear incentive, both financially and reputationally, to remain an honest validator.
  3. There must be complete uniformity in the process for establishing validators.

There are a few platforms that implement slightly different variations of the above requirements that all focus on providing a financial incentive for the validator to remain as part of the network in the long-term and reputation as the disincentive to act dishonestly. Any validator who acts maliciously can easily be removed from the validation process and replaced. The end result for that validator would be a public hit to their reputation as well as a loss of future financial earnings. The use of reputation through identity is of especially particular relevance to contemporary times.

From a consensus model designed to overcome some of the inherent problems with the Ropsten test network to a formal validation method of public blockchains focusing on smart contracts, sidechains, and the immense industry of global supply chain tracking, Proof of Authority consensus is an important development in the further advancement of testing and implementing different consensus mechanisms.

Whether or not PoA consensus ultimately ends up primarily used in private and permissioned blockchains, or as a crucial sidechain to a public and decentralized network, is yet to be seen.